MALAYALAM PROVERB

1.When talking, hear. When given, eat.
(Paraymbol kelkkanam.tharumbol thinnanam)

2.Whitening applied becomes white scars.
(Velukkan thechathu pandayi)
3.Give elephant, but not hope.
(Aana koduthalum aasha kodukaruthu)

4.If Crow bath, become crane ??
(Kaaka kulichal kokku aagumo??)


5.If needed jackfruit on root grow.
(Venamengil chakka verilum kaayikkum)

6.Snake on fence on shoulder no put.
(Veliyil kidanna paambine eduthu tholil idaruthu)

7.Onam come or Baby born, porridge for KORAN still in leaf.
(Onam vannaalum Unni pirannaalum, Koranu Kanji Kumbilil thanne)

8.Own baby, for crow, golden baby.
(Kaakkakku Than Kunju Ponkunju)

9.Market fail Mother’s back.
(Angaadiyil thottathinu Ammayude purathu)

10.Silent Cat Breaks Pot.
(Mindaa Poocha Kalam Udakkum)

11.Sand leaning man took girl.
(Mannum Chaari Ninnavan Pennum Kondupoyi)

12.Centipede if put on mattress goes to garbage.
(Attaye pidichu Methayil Kidathiyaalum Athu pokum Kuppa kuzhiyil)

13.Miser hold umbrella at midnight.
(Alpan Ardha Raathriyilum koda Pidikkum)

14.Foot wrong elephant will also fall.
(Adi thettiyaal aaneyum veezhum)

15.Friend of Eeenaampechi is TreeDog.
(Eeenaampechi-kku kootu marapatti)

16.In desert one Tree green.
(Marubhumiyil oru marupacha)

17.Sitting to moan, dog’s head, coconut fell.
(Moangan irunna naayudey thalayil thenga veenu)

18.Different drop big water.
(Palathulli peruvellam)

19.Life licked by stray dog.
(Jeevitham nayanakki)

20.Crane, how many ponds see??
(Kokkethra kulam kandirikkunnu)

21.Don’t want, don’t want thinking, climbing on the head & jumping.
(Venda,venda ennu vicharikkumbo thalayil keri chaadunnu)

22.Stick gave, beating got.
(Vadi koduthu adi vaangi)

23.Open the window, let the airforce come in.
(Janala thurakkoo, kaatu shakthi aayi varrattae)

24.No Grass will walk here.
(Evidae Oru pullum nadakkilla)

25.Dont spit, understanding people will suffer.
(thupparuthu , thaazhae nikkunnavar anubhavikkum)

26.Both are Hand and Arithmetic.
(Randum kayyum kanakkum thannae)

1.Akapettavannu Apathu, Odi poyavanu bhagyam. (AIs¸«hëv B]¯v… HmSn
t]mbhëv `mKyw)
Danger for one who is caught and luck for the one who has escaped.
There were two friends, Rama and Krishna. Both of them liked mangos very much and they
did not have money to buy mangos. So they decided to steal mangos from farmer Paramu’s
garden. One night when every body was asleep, they entered the garden and started plucking
mangos. Unfortunately farmer Paramu visited the garden that night and he raised hue and cry.
Rama ran fast and managed to escape, with some mangos. Krishna was caught and thrashed.
When Rama later shared his mangos with his family they told, “Akapettavannu Apathu, Odi
poyavanu bhagya..”
2.Akale ulla bandhuvinekkal, aduthulla sathru nallathu. (AIsebpff _Ôphs\ImÄ
ASp¯ff i{Xp \ÃXv)
Enemy who is near is better than relation who is far away.
Sankaran was a nice man who happened to go to Bombay to earn a living. All his relations
were in his native village, which was very far away. He had a very morose neighbor, who always
shouted at him. Sankaran always considered this neighbor as his enemy. One day, while
Sankaran had gone to work, his daughter fell before a car and was injured. The morose
neighbor saw this, and immediately took the girl to the hospital in his car .He also spent money
for her urgent treatment. When Sankaran came to know of this he told.” Though I have lot of
relations in my native place, what is the use. Akale ulla bandhuvinekkal, aduthulla sathru
nallathu”
3.Ikkara ninnal akkara pacha. (C¡sc \n¶m A¡sc ]¨ )
Grass is greener on the other side of the river.
Sankunni was a poor farmer in a village near Ernakulam. He had a friend who was working in
Mumbai. Whenever that friend used to come to the village, he dressed nicely and came with lot
of gifts for every body including his friend Sankunni. He always painted glorious picture of his
life in Bombay. Because of this Sankunni always wanted to leave his job and wanted to go to
Bombay. Once without informing his friend, he arrived at the address given by his friend in
Bombay. To his shock, he found that his friend was living in a hut in a slum. Also he worked
from dawn to dusk to make both ends meet. When asked his friend told, “Yes, I did not want this
to be known to my family and so I used to take loan and buy all those presents .”. Sankunni
thought, “Ikkara ninnal akkara pacha”
4.Angavum Kanam, thaliyum odikkam. (A¦hpw ImWmw Xmfnbpw HSnímw)
We can watch the match and also we can do our work
Literally, “We can watch the fight and also pluck the shampoo leaves.”
Chacko was a clerk in an office. He was very fond of watching cricket tests, wherever India
was playing. He used to put leave to his office and go to watch these matches. Thus even for
necessary jobs, he was not able to take leave. His friend, Alex one day brought him a small
pocket transistor and told him, “you can hear running commentary of all the cricket tests where
our country is playing using this transistor. You need not put leave to the office to watch the
matches taking leave.” Chacko was not convinced but decided to give it a trial. Next time he did
not take leave but took the transistor to his office and heard the commentary. He was very
happy. He phoned to Alex and told, “using your transistor, Angavum Kanam, thaliyum odikkam”
5.Angadiyil thottal ammayodo. (A§mSnbn tXmddXn\v A½tbmtSm)
Show the anger at disappointment in loosing a fight towards one’s mother.
Kunhali was a very nice person who lived with his family in a small town in Kerala. His boss in
the office was a bad man, who used to trouble him unnecessarily. Since he was the boss,
Kunhali had to always keep patient. But when he returned home, he used to get angry with his
wife and children unnecessarily. They were perplexed by his behavior. One holiday, when
Kunhali was in a good mood, they asked him, the real reason for his anger. Kunhali told them
the fact. Then Kunhali’s wife told, “this is very bad,”Angadiyil thottal ammayodo.”
6.Achaniyillatha theru muchan odugayilla. (A¨mWnbnÃm¯ tXêv ap¨m¬
HmSpIbnÃ)
Charriot without axis will not run even three steps.
Paraman was the breadwinner of the family. Because of his very hard work, his family
members used to lead a nice life. His children were getting educated and some of them were
given in marriage in good families. Once, in the office, Paraman fell ill and was brought to his
house. The illness prolonged and Paramu’s family was in dire straits. One-day Paramu’s wife
went and met the manager of his office and requested for help. Then the officer asked why they
needed help. She told, “Paraman was the axis of our family, Achaniyillatha theru muchan
odugayilla”
7.Achan anappuram eri yengil, Makanum undagumo athazhumbu. (Aѳ B\¸pd¯v
Ibdnbm aIëv Xg¼p−mIptam?)
If the father rides the elephant, will the son also have that scar on his back?
Achyutan was a very great musician and also a good scientist. He had only one son, who did
not study properly. He always used to waste time. But some how Achyuthan forced him to study
and he some how passed out of the college. After passing out, he applied for a job in the
research station, owned by his father’s friend. He got the job easily, because the Director of the
Institute thought that, being Achyuthan’s son, he also would be extremely intelligent. But after
some days, he realized that he has done a mistake. He then told one of his friends, “I thought,
being Achyuthan’s son, he would also be intelligent. Now I realise, Achan anappuram eri yengil,
Makanum undagumo athazhumbu”
8.Adakka madiyil vekkam, Adakka maramo? (ASím aSnbn shbv¡mw ASím
actam?)
You can keep one betel nut in your pocket, but will it be possible to keep a betel nut tree?
Kochu Raman and Sitha had a very pretty daughter. Kochu Raman was very strict in upbringing
his daughter but Sita was not. Their daughter fell in love with an undesirable man. Sita
managed to hide this from Kochu Raman. But things further progressed and their daughter
became pregnant. At that time Kochu Raman’s wife thought, “Adakka madiyil vekkam, Adakka
maramo?”
9.Adi kondu valarna kuttiyum, adachu ventha kashayamum. (ASn sIm−p hfÀ¶
Ip«nbpw AS¨p sh´ Ijmbhpw)
The boy who has been grown under great discipline and the medicine prepared strictly
according to formula.
(In case of one medicine called Kashayam in Ayurveda, herbs have to be continuously boiled
over time in large quantity of water in a closed vessel.)
Chakkunni and Rahim were neighbors working in the same office. Chakkuni had a son called
Mathew and Rahim a son called Mammooti. Mamooti and Mathew were of the same age and
went to the same school. While Rahim was a disciplinarian and chided for Mamooti’s mistakes,
Chakkunni never bothered about his son. Even if Mathew does some mistake, Chakkunni
laughed over it. After so many years, while Rahim became an IAS officer, Mathew became a
small time thief. One day when Chakkunni met Rahim, he cried and told that his son was so
bad. Then Rahim told, “Adi kondu valarna kuttiyum, adachu ventha kashayamum.”
10.Adicha vazhiyil nadanillengil, poya vazhi adikkuga. (ASn¨ hgnsb t]mbnsænÂ
t]mb hgnsb ASnbvçI)
If one does not walk in the cleaned path, clean the path that he walks.
Kamala got married to Sankaran. Kamala was very fond of keeping a neat house but
Sankaran never obeyed her wishes. So though daily Kamala used to clean her house nicely
and arrange things properly, Sankaran, never used to remove his shoes while coming in and
also kept on disturbing all her arrangement. One day while Kamala was crying over this, her
mother told, “Adicha vazhiyil nadanillengil, poya vazhi adikkuga.”
11.Achikku konchu paksham, Nayarkku inji paksham. (A¨nçv sIm©p ]£w
\mbÀçv C©n ]£w)
The wife ‘s pet dish is clam and the husband’s pet dish is ginger.
(Nairs are one of the very important communities of Kerala. But hear Nair is used in place of
husband)
Sankunni’s father arranged him to marry Sunitha. From the first day of life they discovered that
they were definitely not made for each other. They held different opinions on each and every
aspect of life and quarreled a lot. One day Sankunni’s father visited them and could understand
the state of affairs. He felt very sad about it. When he returned home, he told his wife, “By
arranging the marriage of Sankunni, I have committed a mistake. Both of them are very
miserable because, Achikku konchu paksham, Nayarkku inji paksham.”
12.Adi Thettiyal anayum veezhum. (ASn sXÁnbm B\bpw hogpw)
Even the elephant will fall, if it misses a step.
Zacharias was a very rich man of Kottayam. All people were very jealous of him. He had the
bad habit of investing in companies promising very high returns. (These are called blade
companies in Kerala). Initially he got very high returns. Whenever his friends advised him
against such investments, he used to point out that he was very rich. Once when he had
invested huge funds for unusually high rate of interest. Next day to his surprise he found that
the company owner had vanished along with his money. He cried and wept .His friends told
him, “Adi Thettiyal anayum veezhum.”
13.Aduthal nakki kollum, akannal jenkki kollum.(ASp¯m \¡n sImÃpw
AI¶mÂsR¡n sImÃpw)
If one goes near her, she will kill by licking and if one tries to go way, she will kill by
strangling.
There was a bad man in a village near Trivandrum, called Kochunni. He was a very bad man.
He used to trouble the villagers at the least opportunity. Ramunni, who was a stranger to the
village, came to the village as the new village officer. He befriended Kochunni against the
advice of all other villagers. Though Kochunni initially was a good friend, he started to bring bad
name to Ramunni by taking bribes from others on his behalf. When this was brought to the
notice of Ramunni, he became very angry and cut off all his relations with Kochunni. But
Kochunni wrote to the government that Ramunni has taken lot of bribes and should be
punished. Ramunni lost his job. The villagers told him, “We advised you not to have any
relations with Kochunni, but you did not bother. He is a vicious man and we knew, that he is of
the type that would Aduthal nakki kollum, akannal jenkki kollum.”
14.Andiyodaduthale, mangade puliyariyu. (A−ntbmSv ASp¯mse am§bpsS ]pfn
Adnbq)
Only when one nears the stone of mango, one realises the sourness of the mango.
(The flesh nearer to the stone is usually sourer than the flesh near the skin in case of mango)
Vanaja fell in love with Raman Namboodiri. Her family was against this affair. They told Vanaja
that Mr.Namboodiri was a poor, bad and irresponsible person. But Vanaja’s experience was to
the contrary. Raman Namboodiri fulfilled all her wishes and agreed to each and every proposal
of hers. He gave her costly presents and always helped others in front of her. Vanaja one day
eloped with Raman Namboodiri along with her jewels. Their life started nicely. Raman
Namboodiri one day came and told her that, he needed some money to invest immediately.
Vanaja willingly gave all her jewels. After this Raman Namboodiri started ill-treating her. And he
asked her to approach her parents for more money. Vanaja met her father and explained
everything to him. He told her, “I advised about this long back .At that time you were in love.
Now do you realize, Andiyodaduthale, mangade puliyariyu.”
15.Annaan kunjum thannal ayathu. (A®m³ Ipªpw X¶membXv)
Even a squirrel can provide the help that he is capable of.
(This proverb is based on a story in Ramayana. When Lord Rama was building a sea bridge, a
small squirrel took whatever small stones it could and gave it to the monkeys who were bringing
huge stones.)
There was a big earthquake in Tamil Nadu. Lot of people lost their properties and even their life.
All the people of Kerala wanted to help them. It was in such a situation that fund collection drive
was started in the office of Pichu Kutti. Pichu kutti was a very poor man and held a very small
job. He also wanted to help. As per his income he could contribute only about one rupee. All his
office people laughed at him and refused to accept his contribution. Pichu Kutti became very
sad and sent his contribution to the Chief Minister directly. After a few days, the Chief Minister
who was passing through the village specifically wanted to meet Pichu Kutti and sent for him. In
front of all the big people of the village he told, “This poor man wanted to contribute only one
rupee. You did not accept it. But remember because he donated one rupee, he went without
food for a day. His donation is much greater than yours. Annan kunjum thannal ayathu.”
16.Athazham mudakkan, Neerkoli mathi. (A¯mgw apSçhm³ \oÀt¡men aXn)
Even a water snake can make you go without dinner.
(It is believed in Kerala that if a water snake (non-poisonous) bites you, you should not take
food for that day.)
Kunjakko Mudalali was a very rich man. He was very proud of his riches and had a very poor
opinion of the poor people. He always used to laugh at them and say, “What can this poor
people do to me?”. Saying this he always ill-treated them. Kunjakko mudalali was negotiating to
arrange a marriage of his daughter. The groom’s party had acquaintance with a very poor man
of Kunjakko’s village. This man happened to go to the Groom’s village in search of some
money. When talking to the Groom’s party, he told, “ofcourse, Kunjakko is a good man. But he
is cruel”. The groom’s party based on his comments dropped the alliance. Kunjakko told,
“Athazham mudakkan, Neerkoli mathi”
17.Adhikamayal Amruthavum Visham. (A[nIambm AarXpw hnjw)
When taken in huge quanities, even nectar will act like poison.
Mamooty got a stomachache and suffered badly. When he went to the doctor, the prescribed a
tablet and told him to take half tablet three times a day for two days. Mamooty was cured of the
stomachache. But again he got stomachache next month and he had an urgent work. Mamooty
purchased the same medicine from the shop and took two tablets at a time so that he could get
cured quickly. Instead of getting cured he went in to a coma and suffered a lot. When his doctor
came to know about this he told, “You should not have done that for “Adhikamayal Amruthavum
Visham.”
18.Ammayude madiyil irikkugayum venam, Achande koode nadakkugayum venam.
(A½bpsS aSnbn CcnípIbpw thWw AÑsâ IqsS \SçIbpw
thWw)
You desire to sit in your mother’s lap and also you want to walk with your father at the same
time.
Ramesh Nair was a brilliant son of Parameshwaran, who was a very poor clerk.
Parameshwaran spent all his small wealth to educate his son. Ramesh also studied well. He
appeared for IAS examination and completed it. When he was about to join the IAS, he got an
offer for a very well paying job in USA. Both were very attractive offers and Ramesh wanted to
join both. Parameshwaran told him, ”You are thinking, Ammayude madiyil irikkugayum venam,
Achande koode nadakkugayum venam .This is not possible. Make up your mind quickly.”
19.Ammakku prana vedana, makalkku Veena vayana. (A½çv {]mWthZ\ aIÄçv
hoW hmb\)
Untold suffering for mother and the daughter is playing Veena (A musical instrument)
Nani amma was a noble lady. She looked after her family exceedingly well. Her children grew
up as fine youngsters.. Out of them her daughter Saudamini, some how hated her mother. She
fell in love with a boy of a different caste. Nani amma was dead against the marriage. Though
Saudamini married the one whom she wanted, her life was not happy. She always considered
that this was due to the curse of her mother. Once Saudamini Amma’s eldest son Paramu was
involved in an accident and she wanted money urgently. Since no body could lend her sufficient
amount, she approached Saudamini. Saudamini not only refused but also jeered at her mother.
The entire town told, “Ammakku prana vedana, makalkku Veena vayana.”
20.Ammayi udachathu Man Chatti, marumagal udachathu pon chatti.(A½mbn DS¨Xv
a¬ N«n acpaIÄ DS¨Xv s]m³ N«n)
The pot broken by mother in law is made of clay and the same pot if broken by daughter in
law was made of gold.
Bhaskara Verma got married to a poor Nair girl called Vilasini. Verma’s mother who was rich did
not like this alliance at all. So when Bhaskara Verma brought Vilasini home, his mother started
troubling her. Daily when Bhaskara Verma returned from office his mother will have a list of
complaints about Vilasini. One day she told that Vilasini was unnecessarily spending money by
employing a maidservant. Bhaskara Verma, who knew that his mother used to employ another
maidservant with double the pay concluded, “Ammayi udachathu Man Chatti, marumagal
udachathu pon chatti.”
21. Alpannu aiswaryam undayal, ardha rathrikku koda pidikkum. (Aåëv ssFizcyw
D−mbm AÀ²cm{Xnípw IpS ]nSnípw)
When an insignificant man gets sudden wealth, he will hold umbrella at mid night.
(In olden times, when kings used to go for a walk, a servant accompanied them holding an
umbrella)
Basheer was a poor barber who used to eke out his living some how. He never had even a
radio in his house. Basheer was in the habit of purchasing Lottery tickets. Once he got a prize of
one crore rupees. His life style changed. He wanted to have every thing in his house, which no
one had in the village. One of them was a 57 inches TV with Mega sound system. Though he
was not that interested in watching TV , he used to watch TV with very loud voice even at night.
All his neighbors could not sleep properly. One of them told to the other, “Alpannu aiswaryam
undayal, ardha rathrikku koda pidikkum.”
22.Allalulla pulayiye chullalulla kadariyu. (AÃepff ]pebntí Npffnbpff
ImSdnbq)
Only a Pulayi who is poor, will know where in forest you get fallen wood.
(Pulayi is a lady belonging to a very low caste. Poor people in Kerala go to the forest, collect
firewood and sell it in the nearby town)
Kunchacko and Mathayi were friends and classmates. While Kunjakko belonged to a very rich
family, Mathayi belonged to a very poor family. Kunchacko used to visit all the hotels in the
town. One day when he was accompanying his parents in a car, he saw, Mathayi working as an
assistant to a black smith. Next day, he jeered at Mathayi who replied, “Allalulla pulayiye
chullalulla kadariyu. Similarly how can a rich man like you know about how we earn our living.”
23.Alayil chavuttiyal, cherayum kadikkum. (Afbn Nh«nbm tNcbpw ISnçpw)
If you step on a snake pit, even a rat snake will bite.
(It is believed a rat snake is afraid of human beings and would try to run away.)
Rama Iyer was a very poor man who was a priest in a small temple in Kerala. He never used to
bother any body and kept to himself. Some modern youngsters used to make fun of him, while
he was proceeding to the temple in the priestly dress. But Rama Iyer never used to bother and
used to go his way. One day these youngsters went to the temple where Rama Iyer was a priest
and threw some dirt on the deity. This infuriated Rama Iyer and he thrashed the youngsters .
People whom new Rama Iyer told, “Alayil chavuttiyal, cherayum kadikkum.”
24.Azakulla Chakkayil Chulayilla. (AgIpff N¡bn NpfbnÃ)
There is no fleshy fruit in a pretty jackfruit.
Kinaran was a well-qualified young man who was employed abroad. When his parents brought
many alliances of very decent girls, whom, they knew well, he rejected them all, saying the girl
was not pretty. Ultimately he fell in love with a very pretty girl and married her. Unfortunately this
girl was a born shrew and made his life as hell. One day he complained about her to his
parents. They told, “Did we not warn you, that beauty is not everything. Now you have realized,
Azakulla Chakkayil Chulayilla.”
25. Arayil aadiye, arangathu aaadavu. (Adbn BSntb Ac§¯v BSmhq)
Only after practice in the house, one should dance in the stage.
Ammu Kutti was very proud of her voice. She started to learn music under a well-known
teacher. But the teacher was always finding fault with her. Ammu Kutti did not like this. A friend
of Ammu Kutti was a well-known politician. Through his political influence he arranged for a
stage performance to Ammu Kutti. But her teacher said that Ammu Kutti was not still ready to
give independent performances. Against her advice Ammu Kutti gave a performance which was
a thorough flop. Then Ammu Kutti’s teacher told, “Arayil aadiye, arangathu aaadavu.”
26.Adariyumo angadi Vanibham. (BSdnbptam A§mSn hmWo`w)
What does a sheep know about the business in a shop?
Sundar, who was a learned professor, used to make fun of his friend Abdullah, who was a
mechanic in a Automobile workshop. Abdullah definitely resented this but never used to retort,
because he thought that he himself was not a learned man. One day, while Sundar was going
to his college, his car broke down. He called his friend Abdullah for help. Abdullah told him that
it was a major repair and the engine needs to be changed. Sundar did not believe it. He took the
car to another big workshop, where he had to pay double the money quoted by Abdullah. When
Abdullah came to know of this, he told, “Adariyumo Angadi Vanibham.”
27.Aana koduthalum, Aasa kodukkurathu.(B\ sImSp¯mepw Bi sImSp¡cpXv)
You can give an elephant as present but you should never give “hopeful longing ” as
present.
Ahmad Kutti was a poor driver who lived near a village. He was some how managing to make
both ends meet somehow. His friend, Kadar was working in Dubai. He used to bring costly
presents to all his family members, He also used to tell Ahmed Kutti, and about the lavish life he
was leading. Because of his words. Ahmed kutti, sold all his property and gave the money to an
agent to get him a job in the Middle East, But the agent deceived him. He lost all his money. His
family members were soar at Khader. They told that “Aana koduthalum , Aasa kodukkurathu.”
28.Aana melinjalum thozhuthil kettumo? (B\ saenªmepw sXmgp¯nÂ
sI«ptam..?)
Even if an elephant becomes thin, can he be tied in a cow-shed?
Rama Verma belonged to a princely family of Kerala. In his young age he was very rich and led
a life of luxury. But with the march of democracy in the country, his family lost all his wealth.
Rama Verma had to get a job, to make ends meet. One of his friends suggested that he should
start a black marketing business. But Rama Verma refused. He told, “All my life I have learnt
that honesty is the best policy. Just because I am poor , I cannot change myself. Aana
melinjalum thozhuthil kettumo?”
29.Aal eriyal, Pambu Chavilla. (BfpItfdnbm ]m¼p NmhpIbnÃ)
Just because large number of people have assembled, it does not mean they can kill a
snake.
Velayudhan was a rich politician. People did not like him because he was very selfish. But
due to his political influence, many people were there always with him. One day, he was moving
from one village to another. At that time lot of bad elements decided to attack him. But
Velayudhan thought he was safe because lots of people were with him. But when the bad
elements came with sticks, all people who were with Velayudhan ran away leaving him to be
beaten by the bad elements. An elderly respected politician in the village told, “Even if you have
with you, one man who is devoted to you, you will be safe but not just with many people. Aal
eriyal Pambu Chavilla.”
30.Aariya Kanji pazham Kanji (Bdnb Iªn ]g¦ªn )
Very cold gruel is just old gruel.
(Kanji or rice gruel is a common food in Kerala.)
Mithran was a very lazy individual who never used to do any thing in time. Though he planned
everything well, he never used to start anything when he is enthusiastic. Mithran planned to
help his sister’s family who were in real monetary trouble. But he went on thinking about it. One
day he went to his sister’s house with sufficient money. His sister told, “When we were in real
trouble, we expected you will help. But you did not. Now we have managed to solve our
problems. Please know that Aariya Kanji pazham Kanji”
31. Arkkanum vendi ookkanikkuga. (BÀ¡m\pw th−n Hm¡m\nçI )
Act like having nausea, for the sake of some one else.
Mathu Kutti was a very selfish individual. But he wanted to become popular. One day while
walking in the road, he saw a huge crowd. When he enquired with some one in the crowd, they
told that the police caught his neighbor who was his enemy, while stealing . Acting as if he was
concerned, Mathu kutti started shouting and crying loudly, taking the name of his neighbor.
Suddenly his neighbor came out of the crowd and told him, ,” Arkkanum vendi ookkanikkuga, I
am perfectly all right. It is your son, who has been caught stealing.”
32.Aattil kalanjalum alannu kalayanam.(Bän Ifªmepw Afì IfbWw )
Even if you throw some thing in the river, you have to measure and throw.
Madhavi was a vain lady who used to spend lot of money unnecessarily and without keeping an
account. Her husband, Mukundan always used to tell her not to be like that. Their next house
was vacant and a very rich family moved in. After that Madhavi started trying to imitate their
neighbor in each and everything. She without bothering spent all her savings on buying luxuries
like them. She also bought many things on installment basis. One day Mukundan fell ill and had
to be admitted in hospital. But there was no money at home. He asked Madhavi, “you were
buying unnecessary things recklessly without knowing how much you spend. This has resulted
in this situation. You should know, Aattil kalanjalum alannu kalayanam.”
33.Irikkum kombu murikkaruthu (Ccníp¶ sIm¼p apdnícpXv )
You should not cut the branch on which you are sitting.
Chandra Hasan was a government servant. Being attracted by luxurious living, he used to take
lot of bribes, though his elder brother advised him, “your only source of income is your job,
Irikkum kombu murikkaruthu.” Bur Chandra Hasan did not care for this. After some time he was
caught by the vigilance squad and lost his job. When he was starving, he remembered the
words of his brother.
34.Irunnitte kaal Neetavu. (Ccp¶nt« Im \o«mhq )
Only after sitting, you should extend your legs.
Ittoop was a middle class farmer with sufficiently good income. His brother was a rich officer in
the nearby town. Ittoop wanted to live like his brother. So he went on purchasing lot of luxuries
on loan. When the installment for his debts were due, he was not able to pay them. He took
more loan and slowly lost all his property. His brother told him, “you definitely could afford all
this but you should have saved money and purchased them. If you had known the proverb,
“Irunnitte kaal Neetavu.” all this would not have happened to you.”
35.Irumbum Vidhyayum irikke kedum (Ccp¼pw hnZybpw Ccntí sISpw)
Iron and knowledge will get spoiled, if they are not used.
Rasu Mani was the son of a rich Brahmin family. He was given the best education possible.
But after getting qualified, he decided that he need not work because he was rich. Over time
things changed. Suddenly due to the reform of ownership of landed property, Rasu Mani lost all
his wealth. At that time Rasu Mani tried to get a job based on his qualification. But because his
knowledge has rusted he was not able to perform well in interviews. One of his prospective
employers told him, “You would have got this job easily, had you been using your knowledge,
But now I cannot give it to you, because Irumbum Vidhyayum irikke kedum.”
36.Ila mullil veenalum, mul ilayil veenalum , kedu ilakku thanne. (Ce apffn hoWmepw
apffv Cebn hoWmepw tISv Ceçv Xs¶ )
Whether the leaf falls on the thorn or the thorn falls on the leaf, only the leaf will get damaged.
Mary was a rich man’s daughter living in Bangalore. Like all her friends, she used to have
several boy friends. In spite of her parents advice she used to move with them very closely.
One of her boy friends made her believe that he was going to marry her. One day Mary eloped
with this boy. The boy took her to Madras and they lived together in a hotel for a few days and
the boy vanished. Mary had to come back to her parents but no one else was prepared to marry
her. At that time she remembered the proverb her mother used to tell daily, “Ila mullil veenalum,
mul ilayil veenalum, kedu ilakku thanne.”
37. Irakkam undengil, ethavum undu. (Cd¡ap−¦n Gddhpw D−v )
If things come down, they would also definitely go up.
Raman Nambiar was a good man. He went on suffering a lot in life. There were only
disappointments. He used to feel extremely sad .He even attempted to commit suicide. But his
close friend Verghese used to tell him, “Irakkam undengil ethavum undu.” Raman Nambiar
used to laugh at this. But one fine day, things started looking up. The investments that he had
made earlier looked up. He got promotions. The sickness to all members in the family vanished.
At that time Raman Nambiar, told his friend Verghese, You were right and I was wrong.
38.Unda choril Kallidaruthu (D− tNmdn IÃnScpXv )
You should not put a stone in the food that you have taken.
(You should be grateful)
Rama Varrier belonged to a very poor family but was extremely intelligent. His family had a
great friend, Krishnan Mudalali, a rich man of the village. Krishnan Mudalali, helped Rama
Varrier to pursue his higher studies. With lot of hard work and the help provided by Mudalali,
Rama Varrier completed his IAS and was appointed as the collector of the district in which his
village was located. By that time Krishnan Mudalali has become an old man. His son, who was
not good in studies, needed some help in getting a job. When Krishnan Mudalali approached
Rama Varrier, he refused saying that according to his principles, he cannot do that. Krishnan
Mudalali got very angry and told Rama Varrier, “Unda choril Kallidaruthu.”
39. Undavanariyilla Unnathavante visappu. (D−h\dnbnà D®m¯hsâ hni¸pv )
The man, who has taken food, does not know the pangs of hunger of one who has not
eaten.
Salim was a very devout Muslim. He had many friends belonging to the other religions. When
Salim used to observe the fast of Ramadan (Not taking a morsel of food when Sun’s rays lit the
earth) , his friends used to make fun of him, saying that he compensated it at night and it was a
meaningless fast. One day Salim told his friends, “ We are observing this fast , so that each of
us know how difficult it is to be hungry, as this will make us give food to any one who is hungry.
Has it not been told, “Undavanariyilla Unnathavande visappu”.
40.Ullapol onam, illathappol pattini.(Dfft¸mÄ HmWw CÃm¯t¸mÄ ]«nWn…)
When you have money celebrate Onam, when you do not have money starve.
(Onam is the greatest festival in Kerala)
Appu asan was a very old man. He was a teacher in a small school. He had only one son-
Kinaran Appu Asan and his wife struggled hard to help their son come up in life. After their son
got a good job in a near by town , they arranged marriage of their son, with Yamini , daughter of
a locally rich man. Yamini was a spend thrift and went on the spending the decent income of
Kinaran. Once when Appu Asan visited them, he felt bad about how the life of Kinaran and
Yamini was going on. He advised them, that it was very important to live within our means and it
is also important to save for a rainy day. He said," Do not follow the proverb,. Ullapol Onam,
illathappol pattini.”
41.Unnan Koduthal ammavan, illengil kummavan.(D®m³ sImSp¯m A½mh³,
CtÃÂ æ½mh³ )
If you give food he calls you uncle, if not, a useless fellow.
Mithran, though brought up in a good family, learnt many bad habits. Due to them, he was
always very poor. He had a friend called Verma, who was also having his same level of income.
When Mithran was in difficulty, he used to ask help from Verma. Normally, he used to lend him
money. Those times Mithran used to praise Verma and even fall at his feet. But once due to
family responsibilities, Verma was not able to lend Mithran any money for a few months. Mithran
started abusing Verma in Public. When Verma heard this he told, “It is but natural. Mithran is of
the type who says, “Unnan Koduthal ammavan, illengil kummavan.”
42.Unniye kandalariyam, oorile panjam. (D®nsb I−mednbmw Ducnse ]ªw )
If we see the child, we can conclude about the famine in his village.
Lathika was a very pretty girl from a middle class and cultured family. After getting educated,
she joined a company as a clerk. Mohanan was the manager of the company. Even though they
were not friends, One day, Mohanan called Lathika and asked her whether she will marry him.
She in turn told him that such decisions are made by her family and asked him to meet them.
Mohanan came to their house and right from the time he entered there he was showing off his
riches. He also taunted Lathika’s brothers, insulted their family friend and also talked rudely to
her grand mother. After Mohanan’s departure Lathika’s father told, “Unniye kandalariyam, oorile
panjam. This boy does not have a cultured back ground and we do not want him to marry in to
our family.”
43.Utharathil irikunnathu edukkugayum venam, Kakshatil irikunnathu pogayam aruthu.
(D¯c¯n Ccníp¶Xv FSpçIbpw thWw I£¯n Ccníp¶Xv
t]mIpIbpw AcpXv )
You should take the thing from the top of the attic and you also want to hold on the thing
that you are having in your armpit.
(Without stretching arms, it is not possible to reach the attic)
Sanku was working in a bank in his village. Though he was a good worker, he never got a
promotion. One day his boss called and told him that they have decided to post him in their
branch which was in another village 1000 miles away and also give him promotion as manager.
Though he wanted to become manager, he started pointing out the several problems his family
would face if he was transferred out. Then his boss told, “you are like the person who thinks,
Utharathil irikunnathu edukkugayum venam, Kakshatil irikunnathu pogayam aruthu.”
44.Uppu thinnavan vellam kudikkum.(D¸p Xn¶h³ shffw æSníw )
The man, who eats salt, will drink water.
Alex was an income tax officer in a small town. He wanted to live a luxurious life but was not
able to do it within his means. So he started taking bribe. One day based on the information
given by a taxpayer, the house of Alex was raided and he was arrested. His father who was an
old honest man, told, “ It is well known that Uppu thinnavan vellam kudikkum. I told Alex long
back not to take bribe and now he is suffering.”
45.Uralu chennu Maddalathodu sangadam parayuga.(Dcep sN¶p a±f¯nt\mSpv
kxJSw ]dbpI )
The mortar going and complaining to the two sided drum.
(While the drum recieves beatings on both sides, mortar is hit only one side.
Sasidharan though well placed always used to complain about everything to his friend. Abdullah
Kutti. One day he told him, “See, I making only this much money. I have two kids and also have
to look after my father. You only tell me what to do?” Abdullah laughingly told him, “I have seen
you complaining about everything. But this is too much. I have a salary same as you, and have
to look after four kids and both my parents. It is like, Uralu chennu Maddalathodu sangadam
parayuga.”
46.Ullil onnu, Nakkil Onnu, Kayyil onnu.(Dffn Hìv, \m¡n Hìv, ssIbnÂ
Hìv.)
In mind some thing, in tongue some other thing and in hand yet another thing.
Joseph Ettan was a rich man in Kottayam .He had several daughters to give in marriage. Due to
the fact that he was busy he had to rely on marriage broker, Abraham to suggest suitable
alliances. Once the marriage broker suggested a good groom for his first daughter. The broker
told that the groom was very rich, had a very well paying job and also was having all sterling
qualities. With all these information the marriage was celebrated. Later they came to know that
broker has only told lies. The groom was a poor, unemployed drunkard. Then Joseph Ettan told
about the broker, “Ullil onnu, Nakkil Onnu, Kayyil onnu.”
47.Urvasi sapam upakaram. (DÀÆin im]w D]Imcw)
The curse of Urvasi, became a divine blessing.
(This proverb is based on a mythological story. Arjuna, one of the pandavas was cursed by a
celestial maiden to become an eunuch for one year because he repelled her advances. Later
When Arjuna was forced to live in Ajnatha vasa(Living in hiding), he used this curse , and this
curse became useful to him.)
Mathai was working for a big company in Bombay. He was a very good worker and others were
jealous of him. One day for some silly reason, his Boss got angry with him and ordered him to
be transferred out of Bombay. Fortunately for him he was posted in a town near his native
place. This made Mathai think, “Urvasi sapam upakaram.”
48.Ethatha Mundiri pulikkum (F¯m¯/In«m¯ ap´ncn ]pfnípw )
The grapes, which you cannot reach, are sour.
Padmanabhan wanted to marry a very pretty girl called Veena, who was also rich. But that girl
was in love with some body else. Disappointed by this, Padmanabhan told his friend, ”Veena
thinks, she is the only pretty girl .To tell the truth, she is not pretty at all. “.His friends then
replied, “Ethatha Mundiri pulikkum.”
49.Ellavarum pallakkil eriyal chumakkan all illa,(FÃmhcpw ]ántednbmÂ
Npaçhm³ Bfnà )
If every body climbs in to the palanquin, there would not be any body to carry them.
In the assembly elections held in Goa with 41 members, there was no majority for any party. So
they cobbled up an alliance of small parties so that the coalition will get majority. But in the first
join meeting they found that all the 21 members of the majority alliance wanted to become chief
minister of the state. Then one political pundit told, “Ellavarum pallakkil eriyal chumakkan all illa”
50. Eliye pidikkum, ennal Poocha kalam udakkum. /Eliye pikkuvan Aarengilum Illam chudumo
(Fensb ]nSnípw F¶m ]q¨ IeapSípw…. Fensb ]nSníphm³
Bsc¦nepw CÃw NpSptam…)
The cat will catch the rat, but it will also break the pot. To catch a rat nobody buns their house
There was a big uncontrollable agitation for lowering price of rice in Kerala. The strike became
very violent. A stage came when the police force of the state was not sufficient to control the
agitation. So the ruling party brought police forces from out side the state. They did control the
agitation but became a liability, as they started troubling innocent people, since they did not
know the local language. Then Chief Minister thought, “Eliye pidikkum, ennal Poocha kalam
udakkum.”
"To get a small gain or a thing we are not prepared to lose everything we had…."
51.Ellu muriye panithal pallu muriye thinnam. (FÃpapdnsb ]WnXm ]Ãp apdnsb
Xn¶mw)
If you do back breaking work, you can eat till your teeth break. (If you wok hard you can live
without poverty)
Kochu was a rich farmer and had vast property, which was managed by him. He earned lot of
money, which was deposited in the bank. He had two sons-Achyuthan and Krishnan.
Achyuthan was a very hard worker and Krishnan a very lazy one. When Kochu died, Krishnan
preferred the money in the bank to the vast properties because he was not prepared to work. A
few years later, Krishnan lost all the money and Achyuthan became prosperous by hard work.
The people of the village when they were talking of Achyuthan used to say, “Ellu muriye panithal
pallu muriye thinnam.”
52.Kaduku chorunnathu kanum, aana chorunnthu kanilla.(ISpæv tNmcp¶Xv ImWpw
F¶m B\ tNcp¶Xv ImWnÃ)
One takes note of when mustard is lost but does not bother when an elephant is lost. (People
sees small losses and never sees big losses)
Kutti Asan was very strict with his wife’s spending. He used to question her hundred times
before she spent even a small amount. Their children grew up and Kutti Asan was very fond of
them. All his children were spend thrifts and because of his love, Kutti Asan never chided them.
A stage came when they lost majority of their earning. Then Kutti Asan’s wife told him,” Kaduku
chorunnathu kanum, aana chorunnthu kanilla .It is because you never bothered about the huge
spending of our children, this came about.”
53.Erinja kallum paranja vaakum thiruchedukkan avilla (Fdnª IÃpw ]dª hmçw
Xncns¨Spçhm³ BhnÃ… / ssI hn« Akv{Xhpw hm hn« hmçw
Xncns¨Spçhm³ IgnbnÃ)
You can’t take back, the words that you speak or the stones that you throw.
Kannan was a small official in Kerala. His father died when he was 25 leaving a 10-year-old
brother to look after. His name was Raja. Raja was brought up well because of the sacrifices of
Kannan and his wife. He became a software engineer in USA earning lot of money. Kannan had
a little daughter and he was struggling to finance her education. Once when Raja was on a visit
to India, Kannan asked Raja, whether he can support his daughter’s education. Raja not only
refused but also told Kannan, “Why should I do it? I want to become a rich man.” Kannan
became very agitated and wounded. After a few years, over time Raja realized his mistake. But
it was too late. Kannan wrote to him, “ You say you are sorry but you should know that Erinja
kallum paranja vaakum thiruchedukkan avilla.”
54.Echu kootiyal muzhachirikkum.(G¨p Iq«nbm (sI«nbmÂ) apg¨ncnípw
If one thread is joined to another, there will be a bulge.
Mohammed was an elderly retired man. His son Aboo married a girl and brought her to their
home. Her name was Eisa kutty. Eisa Kutty did not like her father in law and troubled him a lot
when Aboo was away.
Mohammed being a cultured individual never complained about this to anybody and always told
everyone how much he likes his daughter in law. Once Mohammed’s sister paid a visit. She
could easily find out the strained relation. She told Mohammed, “You are acting as if there is
nothing wrong. But I can see there is problem because, Echu kootiyal muzhachirikkum.”
55.Ettile pasu pullu thinnukayilla (G«nse ]ip ]pÃv Xn¶pIbnÃ)
The cow in the printed page will not eat grass.
Mathai kutty was a small time politician. The party that he belonged was ruling over Kerala.
They used to produce large books in which the prosperity of each village was described. Mathai
Kutty’s village was very backward and did not have any facilities. But one day Mathai Kutty was
telling his friends, quoting the government book that their village was a very developed one.
One of his friends told, “friend, you should not quote those figures. You and I know that there is
no development here in this village. You know that Ettile pasu pullu thinnukayilla.”
56. Ikya mathyam maha balam(ssFIy a²yw alm-_ew)
Unity is great strength.
Koran master was a wise man of a village. He was sad that the village was having people who
belonged to various political parties. If any proposal was made for the betterment of the village
by any one, people belonging to the other party opposed it. Because this, there was no high
school in the village and children used to walk long distances to get educated. One-day Koran
master, who respected by all, called all the political leaders to his house and impressed up on
them the necessity of unity in this matter. He told them that if they do not agree the entire village
would boycott all political parties. This impressed all of them and they jointly fought and got a
new high school for the village. Koran master was very happy and told, “.Ika mathyam maha
balam.”
57. Onnugil asande nenjathu, allengil kalarikku purathu.(HìIn Bimsâ s\©¯v
AtÃÂ Ifcnçv ]pd¯v)
Either on the chest of the teacher or outside the school.
(Asans were village teachers in Kerala and Kalari was a school teaching the great art of selfdefense
called Kalari Payithu.)
Balan was a fifteen-year-old boy of a rich family. He was not at all disciplined and very poor in
studies. He used to quarrel and disrespect his teachers in school and most of the time, told lies
in the house and absented himself. For his activities outside the house he needed money. This
he got by stealing in his own house. But one day when he was trying to steal some body else’s
purse he was caught and taken to police station. The teachers when they came to know told
Balan’s parents, “ Though you are rich and cultured, you did not discipline your son properly. He
was Onnugil asande nenjathu, allengil kalarikku purathu. And this is the result.”
58.Onnu cheenjal matunninu valam. (Hìv Noªm asddm¶nëv hfw)
When some thing rots, it becomes manure for the other.
Ousep was a poor farmer. He had a very brilliant son called John. Ousep struggled very hard to
educate his son. When the son started attending college, he realized how much Ousep was
suffering due to poverty. Then Ousep told him , “It is all right . Out of the sacrifice of mine, you
would become great. Don’t you know the proverb, “Onnu cheenjal mathe onninu valam.”
59.Onne ullu vengil olakka kondu adikkanam.(Ht¶ Dffpsh¦n De¡sIm−v
ASníWw)
If you have only one child, he has to be beaten with the pestle.
Dorai was the only son of a rich Brahmin family in Kerala. He got whatever he wanted from his
parents. All his wishes were fulfilled. Slowly he started learning all bad habits including drugs.
Then his parents they cried a lot. Their well-meaning neighbors told them, “You did not bother to
discipline Dorai because he was your only child and this is the result. You should have known
that Onne ullu vengil olakka kondu adikkanam.”
60.Iam kombil pidichalum pulim kombil pidikkanam. (Cfw sIm¼n ]nSn¨mepw
]pfns¡m¼n ]nSníWw)
If you decide to catch for support on a light branch, you should catch the branch of a tamarind
tree.
(It is believed that Tamarind tree stem and branches are the strongest)
Narayanan Kutti was a youngster, who did lot of social service. People in general liked him.
Eventually he wanted to become a politician. He thought that he can start a party of his own and
he did. But soon he realized that his following was not sufficient to generate funds or get votes.
He then joined a slightly popular party, Due to his popularity he was made an office bearer of
the party. But he soon realized that that small party could not do much to him. At this time he
met a political savant who knew about his good work. That savant told him, “Narayanan Kutti,
what you have been doing has not been right. If you were interested in joining politics, you
should have joined one of the premier political parties of Kerala. Only they would be able to
project your good work and get you the importance you are dreaming about .Has it not been
told, Oru kombil pidichalum pulim kombil pidikkanam.”
61.Orumayundengil ulakka melum kidakkam.(Hcpabp−¦n De¡bnepw InS¡mw)
If you have unity, you can even sleep on the top of a pestle.
(In this proverb they assume that when you are united you would be prepared to adjust.)
Kamala and her husband Subbaraman were always quarreling, as they were not able to adjust.
Though Subbaraman earned sufficiently, both of them will fight from dawn to dusk as what has
to be bought and what need not be bought. Though they had money and willingness to spend,
their life became miserable. Once Kamala’s father Ananthu paid a visit to their home. He could
very easily grasp the situation. He told Kamala that essence of a home is unity, which leads to
adjustment and sacrifice. He told, “If only both of you had realized this you would have lived
happily. You should know that Orumayundengil ulakka melum kidakkam.”
62. Ozhukku vellathil azhukkilla (Hgpçv shff¯n Agp¡nÃ)
There is no dirt in flowing water.
Kochu Mon had two sons –Mathai and Xavier. Both of them were married and were living with
Kochu Mon. While Mathai was an extremely lazy man who spent all the time doing nothing,
Xavier was a very industrious individual who was always engaged. During the course of time,
Mathai started finding fault with the running of the house. He said that his father was partial and
he was a bad man. Xavier was surprised at these allegations. Kochu Mon called both his sons
and told, “Mathai, you are telling all these words because of the accumulated dirt in your mind.
This came there because, you are lazy and never kept your mind engaged. You try to be like
your brother Xavier and prove, Ozhukku vellathil azhukkilla.”
63.Onam pirannalum, unni pirannalum, korannu kumbilil Kanji.(HmWw ]nd¶mepw D®n
]nd¶mepw tImcë æ¼nfn Iªn )
Whether it is a festival Onam or whether a child is born, Koran takes his rice gruel using a
leaf spoon.
(Onam is the most important annual harvest festival in Kerala and by Koran what is indicated is
a very poor man. Kanji is rice gruel, which is popular in Kerala. Leaf spoons using leaf of Jack
tree are also very common)
Politicians carry out reforms for the general public. They also shout from the treetops as to
what they have done. One politician called Govindan once gave a talk in a village. He told how
the per capita income has increased and how the inflation index has been brought down. Two
poor people. Koran and Nanu were hearing this talk. Koran asked Nanu, “What is he telling
about? There has been no end to our suffering even now. We do not find any improvement. “
Then Nanu told, “Onam pirannalum, unni pirannalum, korannu kumbilil Kanji. All these words
are not for common people like us.”
64.Olam ninnitu kadalil irangamo? (Hmfw \n¶n«p ISen Cd§mtam)
Can we get in to the sea, after the tide stops?
Krishnan had the bad habit of postponing every important decision. One day he told his wife
Malini, “ You have been always complaining about my not purchasing new cloths and jewelry for
you. You should know that there is inflation now. I am just waiting for the inflation to subside. As
soon as it comes down, the first thing we will do it is to go to the shop.” Then Malini replied,
“Olam ninnitu kadalil irangamo?”
65.Kadannal kootil kaalu eriyaruthu.(IS¶Â Iq«n IsÃdnbcpXv )
You should not throw stones at the gnat hive.
(If you throw, the gnats will get agitated and bite you)
Raman Kutti was a well-educated man and had a good job. Though he used to do his job
sincerely, he always used to speak of his rights and the rights of others. This irked his bosses.
Once one co-worker committed a big mistake and was removed from his job. Raman Kutti could
not tolerate it and started fighting with his bosses. They told him,”we have done the right thing.
We have to tell you that Kadannal kootil kaalu eriyaruthu and that you will loose your job by this
unnecessary act.”
66.Kadalil chennalum naya nakkiye kudikku.(ISen sN¶mepw \mbv \¡nsb
IpSnbv¡q)
Even if the dog goes to the sea, it will only lick and drink.
Kuttan was a very poor man. He struggled hard all his life. Because of this he thought several
times before buying anything. Eventually, his children grew up and became rich. They gave lots
of money to Kuttan. But his habit of thinking and rethinking on every purchase continued. His
wife got bored of this and told, “Kadalil chennalum naya nakkiye kudikku.”
67.Kandal ariyathavan kondal ariyum.(I−m Adnbm¯h³ sIm−m Adnbpw)
One, who does not know when he sees, will understand when he experiences.
Narayanan was a rich man. He traveled normally in his chauffeur driven car. Narayanan was
very fond of speed. He always used to order his driver to go fast. That driver, who was a sober
man, told that he would not do it as it may lead to accidents. Narayanan changed his driver
because of this. The new driver was a speed fiend. Two days after he took up the job,
Naryanan’s car dashed against a tree and Narayanan was hospitalized with several serious
injuries. The old driver came to see him and Narayanan told him, “What you were giving me the
right advice. I did not realise it for Kandal ariyathavan kondal ariyum.”
68.Kathunna purayil ninnu oorunna kazhukkol labham.(I¯p¶ ]cbn \n¶pw
Ducp¶ Ignt¡m em`w)
The rafter taken out from the burning roof is also profit for some people.
Gheeverghese was living with his five daughters in Kottayam. Every time he had to give his
daughter in marriage he was forced to give huge dowry. Since he was not rich this made him
very poor. His first son in law was Ouseph who was a very rich man. Gheeverghese had one
more daughter to give in marriage but no money at all. He approached Ouseph for a loan.
Ouseph refused point blank. Then Gheeverghese sold his small house and took loan at back
breaking interest and arranged the marriage of his last daughter. He invited Ouseph for the
marriage. At the marriage Ouseph started demanding a diamond ring as Gheeverghese was
giving his last daughter in marriage. Gheeveghese protested and Ouseph insisted. The people
of the village told about Ouseph, “he is an extremely avaricious individual. He considers
Kathunna purayil ninnu oorunna kazhukkol labham.”
69. Kakka kulichal kokku akumo?(Im¡ Ipfn¨m sImçv BIptam?...)
Will a black crow become white like a crane if it takes bath?
Koran was a barber of the village. Over time his children worked very hard and became very
rich. Koran wanted to get a girl from a family, which was for several generations a noble family.
That family laughed at Koran and his wish to marry a girl from their house for his son and told,
“Kakka kulichal kokku akumo?”
70.Kakkakkum than kunju pon kunju.(Im¡ípw X³ æªv s]m³ Ipªp)
Even for a crow its baby is a golden baby.
Choman was a very poor man and eked out living by begging in his village. He had few
children, all of whom suffered a lot. Once a tsunami came to the village and Choman’s one son
was killed. At that time one rich man of the village told, “It is Ok because that boy even if he is
alive would have suffered like Choman.” Hearing this Choman got very wild and shouted at the
rich man., “Do not be so rude. My son, in spite of all my hard ships is as dear to me as your son
is to you. Kakkakkum than kunju pon kunju.”
71.Kadi ayalum moodi kudikkanam.(ImSnbmepw aqSn æSníWw)
Even if you are drinking a cheap gruel, you should drink it without public announcement.
Savithri and Gayathri were neighbors. While Savithri was poor, Gayathri was rich. Savithri used
to go on complaining about her poverty and how she was not able to buy even essentials to
Gayathri. Gayathri in turn told to all her friends. People started making fun of Savithri’s family.
Savithri’s husband got very upset because of this and told Savithri, “Yes, because of our bad
luck we are poor. What is the point in telling this to all your friends? They would not pity you but
only laugh at you. Don’t you know the saying, “Kadi ayalum moodi kudikkanam.”
72.Kattile thadi, Thevarude aana, valiyeda vali. (Im«nse XSn tXhcpsS B\
henbSm hen..)
The log from the forest, God’s own elephant, why do you bother, pull it as you like.
(The temple elephants are used in dragging logs of wood from rivers in Kerala.)
There was a big flood in a village. Lot of poor people got affected. Many rich people as well as
the government rushed to help the affected villagers with supply of food, cloths money etc. Kutti
Narayanan who was a rich man and who was the president of the local body of the village was
in charge of the distribution. Kutti Narayanan did not like the poor people and went on wasting
the aids received and also supplied it to people who were not affected by the flood. The chief
minister came to know of this .He called Kutti Narayanan and told him, “Do you think, that all
this aid is Kattile thadi, Thevarude aana, valiyeda vali. What you are doing is a sin .I am
immediately removing you from your post.”
73.Kanam Vittum, Onam Unnanam.(ImWw hnddpw HmWw D®Ww)
Even by selling your land , you should eat the Onam feast.
(Onam is the most important festival of Kerala.)
Velayudhan was a very poor labourer. He had several children. During a particular year, he had
one bad luck after the other and was in great difficulty. The Onam festival came. He told his wife
Sumathi, “This year, I do not have any money to celebrate Onam.” Then she told,” That may be
the case but Onam is our only major festival. If you do not celebrate it, our children will be
disappointed. So take some loan and we will celebrate Onam.” Velayudhan agreeing with her
asked,” Kanam Vittum , Onam Unnanamo?”(should we celebrate Onam even by selling our
land?)
74.Kala Petennu Kettu Kayar edukkuga! (Imf s]äìv tI«bpS³ IbÀ FSpçI)
Like taking a rope to tie the calf, when you hear that the Ox has given birth.
One day Rama Iyer was hearing the news in the radio. They announced that there was going to
be a big flood from the river in Chithur and they should immediately start taking precautions.
Rama Iyer became extremely agitated and started shouting to his children and wife to move to
the upstairs with all their material. Then his wife told him, “What nonsense are you talking. That
Chithur must be a different place because for at least 20 miles we do not have a river near our
village. You are acting like, Kala Pethennu Kettu Kayaredukkuga!”
75. Kittiyathine vittitu, parakkunnathine pidikkuga.(In«nbXns\ hn«n«v ]dç¶Xns\
]nSníphm³ {ianbvçI)
After leaving out what you have in your hand, try to catch that which flies.
Pisharody was a very ambitious youngster. He completed his graduate degree. He applied for
several jobs. For some time he did not get any response from anywhere. After about a year, he
was summoned for an interview for a small job, and got it. But when he was about to join the
job, their neighbor Mathulla told Pisharody, “I can easily get you a very well paying job in Saudi
Arabia. Only you have to give me some money to help you get that.” When Pisharody told this
to his father, he told him. “Do not be foolish. What you are suggesting is like. Kittiyathine vittitu,
parakkunnathine pidikkuga.”
76. Kudul edulthu kanichalum, Vazha Naru.(IpSÂ FSp¯p ImWn¨mepw hmg
\mêv)
Even if you take out your liver and show it, he thinks it is banana fiber.
Avarachan was a very sincere worker. However, his boss always used to find fault with him.
Once when his boss was away on tour, Avarachan had to take a lot of risk, take a risky
decision, and save the company. But when Avarachan’s boss returned, “Oh, that is all! That is
nothing great”. Then Avarachan got furious and told his boss, “For you as far as I am
concerned, Kudul edulthu kanichalum, Vazha Naru.”
77.Kudam Kamizhthi vechu vellam Ozhicha pole. (IpSw Iagv¯nsh¨v shffw
Hgn¨t¸mse)
Like pouring water in to pot placed upside down.
Sundaresan had a big family but was a spend thrift. Because of this bad habit, he underwent
many sufferings. Most of the time money was in short supply in their house .One day his wife
had cooked good meals and was waiting for him. He came hurriedly to the house and told his
wife, “Today I have decided that we will all eat in the hotel.” His wife protested and told, “I have
already cooked. All this will go waste. Apart from that where is money with us to spend in a
hotel.?” But then Sundaresan started shouting loudly. His wife told, “Whatever I tell you is like
Kudam Kamizhthi vechu vellam Ozhicha pole to you.”
78.Kuninju kayaranam, jelinju iranganam,(æ\nªp IbdWw… sRfnªp
Cd§Ww)
When you enter it should be with bowed head and when you come out it should be with
raised head.
Sridharan was a modern day youngster in search of a job. He was very intelligent and was a
post graduate .The only problem with him was, that he was very proud of himself. He tried for
many jobs and at the interview stage he failed to get them. Somehow, he felt that he did not
know how to face an interview. He purchased several books on the subject and took it home.
His grandpa Kunju Raman, who was a wise man asked Sridharan, what are those books for.
Sridharan replied that experts wrote them on interview. Sridharan’s grandpa asked, “Has it been
written in the book that for an interview, what is important to know is, “Kuninju kayaranam,
jelinju iranganam,”. You do not know this and that is why you are failing in all interviews.”
79.Kundham poyal kudathilum thirayanam.(Ip´wt]mbm IpS¯nepw XncbWw)
When a spear is lost, you should even search in a pot.
(What you are searching may be in a very unlikely spot.)
Paru had misplaced her diamond necklace. She searched for it in her bedroom and bathroom
and told her husband, that they should report the theft to the police. But her husband was not
convinced that it was stolen. So he started searching for it in the house. At last he found it
among his baby’s toys. He told Paru, “Don’t you know that Kundam poyal kudathilum
thirayanam.. This necklace has been removed by our baby from our bedroom and has been
mixed with his toys. When you are searching for a thing, some times we may find it in
impossible places like this.”
80. Kurakkum Patti Kadikkilla (Ipcbvçw ]«n ISnbv¡nà )
The barking bitch does not bite.
Nanu Asan was a very wise man. His daughter who was working in a government office told
him that her boss always shouts at her. She told him that she was afraid about loosing her job,
Nanu Asan told her, “Kurakkum Patti Kadikkilla. Your boss seems to be a bully. Bullies are
normally cowards. When you face them with facts, they tend to run away. In fact you should be
afraid of others in your office who act as if they are good. For selfish reasons they may even
harm you.”
81. Kurudante nattil Konkannan Rajavu (IpcpSsâ \m«n tIm¦®³ cmPmhpv)
In the land of blind, that one who has a crooked vision is the king.
A new political party was formed in Kerala. All the people who joined the political party were
corrupt people. The public was wondering how this new political party will survive. They thought
that they will elect the most corrupt among them as a leader. But what happened was they
elected Achyuthan, who a second rung leader but who was not known as very corrupt as their
leader. Then a news paper wrote,” Kurudante nattil Konkannan Rajavu. If any others would
have been elected as leader, no body would have voted for them.”
82. Mookilla Rajyathu Muri Mookan Rajavu (aq¡nÃm cmPy¯v apdnaq¡³ cmPmhpv)
In the land where no body has a nose, the one with half nose would be king.
This proverb though worded differently is same as the proverb given in S.No. 81
83.Kulikkathe eram chumukkuga. (Ipfnbv¡msX Cud³ NpaçI)
Carrying wet clothes without taking a bath.
Rasamani was a very honest but garrulous worker. He never was able to keep any secrets. His
Boss Velayudhan once took a small bribe from a poor man. This was seen by Rasamani. As
was his wont, he told this to many people. A complaint was made by one of the enemies of
Velayudhan and he was punished. The office also decided to punish Rasamani, because they
thought he was also involved in taking the bribe, Rasamanis friends told that this was a typical
case of Kulikkathe eram chumukkuga
84. Kulippichu kulipichu kuttiye kanathayi (Ipfn¸n¨p Ipfn¸n¨p Ip«nsb
ImWmXmbn)
By giving bath again and again, the baby vanished.
(Meaning “too much love will spoil the child”)
Appu Kuttan and Malathi got a son very long time after their marriage. They loved him a lot.
Whatever the baby wanted was given. The baby was not punished for any reason. The baby
became spoilt because of this reason. When he grew up he became a very selfish and very bad
boy who used to trouble people. One day when was caught and put in the jail, Appu Kuttan and
Malathi felt that what they have done is wrong and their uncle told them that, “Kulippichu
kulipichu kuttiye kanathayi.”
85.Koode kidakkunnavannu Raa pani ariyam.(IqsS InSç¶hs\ cm¸\n Adnbq)
The one who sleeps with you will know whether you had night fever.
Krishnan master was a very strict head master. To bring his school glory he punished wrong
doing by all the students, very severely. All students called him as one without any heart. Oneday
Krishnan master’s sister happened to meet one of the students of Krishnan master in a
marriage. That girl told her, “Oh you are from that village. Do you by chance know a very cruel
man called Krishnan Master.” Then Krishnan master’s sister told, “He is really a very nice man
who used to be very sad in his house because he was forced to punish the children in the
school. None of them no about that aspect of him because only, Koode kidakkunnavannu Raa
pani ariyam.”
86.Kai nanayathe, meen pidikkan pattumo (ssI \\bmsX ao³ ]nSním³ ]äptam)
Can you catch fish without wetting your hand ?
(Here it refers to the fisherman who catch fish using nets.)
Pavithra Verma belonged to a king’s family in Kerala. Over years the family lost all its wealth.
Pavithra Verma who was never used to do any work had to search for a paying job. But he was
not qualified or equipped for doing any work. One day one rich cultivator offered a him a menial
job in his farm. Naturally the cloths of Pavithra Verma got very dirty When he went home, he
told his wife that he will not do that work from that day because he was feeling tired by doing
that job. And also his cloths got dirty. Then she asked him, “Kai nanayathe, meen pidikkan
pattumo/”
87.Kayooku ullavan Karyakkaran. (ssI¿pçffh³ Imcy¡mc³)
He who has the ability would be the leader
Abdullah who was very intelligent and capable studied well. After his studies he got a job in a
big firm exporting fish. Raman, who was Abdullah’s boss, was a very inefficient individual. Both
the fishermen who were employed by the firm to catch fish as well as the big buyers preferred to
deal with Abdullah rather than Raman. So the company one-day dismissed Raman and
appointed Abdullah in his place. Raman went to the managing director and protested. He told
Raman, “You know well , how inefficient you are and you also know about the efficiency of
Abdullah. In running a firm like this, we strictly go by the saying, “Kayooku ullavan
Karyakkaran.”
88.Koriya kinatile Uravu ullu. (tImcnb InWddnse Ddhbpffq…)
Only in the well from which water is drawn, the spring will get energized.
Nambisan learnt computer software in Mumbai. He joined a big software company but rarely
used his knowledge. Slowly his knowledge got rusted. But one of his colleagues David who was
not as qualified as Nambisan worked very hard. He kept on reading books and used his
knowledge well. After some time while David got a big hike, Nambisan was left where he was.
Nambisan’s friend Chacko , one day told him,” Unless you use your knowledge you will never
gain more of it. With your attitude, it is definite that slowly you will be thrown out. You should
know that, Koriya kinathile Uravu ullu.”
89.Koleduthavanokke Marar Akumo? (tImseSp¯hs\ms¡ amcmÀ Bætam…?)
Will, every one who takes a stick, become a drummer?
(Marar is a caste in Kerala who are expert drummers)
Gopalakrishnan studied in the National film institute. Later he worked as an apprentice for many
ace directors and became very famous as a film director. His success was mainly due to his
hard work and constant learning. Govindan was one of his classmates in the same National
Film Institute. He was extremely lazy and was very egoistic. After he completed his course, he
directly applied for big positions. He failed miserably. One day he was complaining to his friend,
“See that Gopalakrishnan, who is a great director now. He was after all, my classmate. We
learned the same thing. I am not lucky while he is.” Then his friend replied, “Just because you
are his class mate, you cannot be like him. Koleduthavanokke Marar Akumo?”
90.Gathi kettal Puli pullum thinnum. (KXn sI«m ]pen ]pÃpw Xn¶pw )
If pushed down by misfortune, even a tiger will eat grass.
Raman panikkar was a very proud man. He was from a very rich family of astrologers. Even
when he was a child, his family moved outside only in a car. Going by walk or by cycling was
unthinkable to him. But slowly bad times came. The family of Raman Panikkar lost all their
wealth. One day they were forced to sell the only one car that was remaining. That day Raman
Panikkar was forced to go by walk to the neighboring shop to buy some provisions. After he left
the shop owner told his assistant.”Do you see the fate of Raman Panikkar. Before this I never
believed that Gathi kettal Puli pullum thinnum.”
91.Changathi nannayal, kannadi venda. (N§mXn \¶mbm I®mSn th−)
If you have a good friend, there is no need for a mirror.
( The friend will point out your defects to you.)
Narayanan poduval was a big politician and also a very rich man. Since he was very high up in
the political hierarchy, he had lot of friends surrounding him. All these friends used to flatter him
and tell him that all that he was doing was right. In one of the assembly elections in Kerala,
Narayanan Poduval was the candidate for his village for a major political party. His friends told
him, that he would definitely win, because of his popularity, but he lost. The leader of his party
told him, “ I was always thinking that your friends, would tell you about the wrong decisions you
made. After all it is only through them, we can find out whether we are popular in the
constituency. You should have chosen your friends properly. You possibly do not know the
saying, “Changathi nannayal, kannadi Venda.””
92. Chatha kuttiyude Jadagam nokkuga! (N¯ Ip«nbpsS PmXIw t\mçI )
Studying the horoscope of a dead child.
Raman Kutty was a district collector of Ernakulam district. He was a very irresponsible man both
in social as well as in official life. One day he received a news item from the government saying
that there is a possibility of Tsu Nami in his district. He simply did not bother about the message.
The Tsu Nami came and several poor people living near the beach died. Raman Kutti then
rushed there and told them that the government has decided to give huge money compensation
to the families of those who lost their life. Then they laughed at him and told that his action was
like, “Chatha kuttiyude Jadagam nokkuga!”
93.Chavittiyal kadikkatha pambundo? (Nhn«nbm ISním¯ ]m¼pt−m…? )
Is there a snake, which will not bite, when you step on it?
Achyuthan was an extremely soft spoken and nice individual working in a government office.
His boss was a born bully. He used to terrorize every body. Achyuthan kept away from his
presence. One day his boss suddenly called him and told, “You are useless fellow. You never
speak to any body.” Achyuthan replied, “No, sir, I normally keep to my job and never bother
about others. In fact many people like me.”. His boss then raised his voice and shouted, “You
useless scoundrel, son of a bitch” This irritated Achyuthan too much, “He shouted back, , “ It is
not I but you who are a son of bitch. All people hate you. If you shout at me like this, I will beat
you.” The boss was terrified and kept quiet. People knowing Achyuthan well told, “Chavittiyal
kadikkatha pambundo?”
94.Chirattayile vellam urumbinnu samudram. (Nnc«bnse shffw Ddp¼nëv kap{Zw )
The water in the coconut shell is like ocean to the ant.
Kumaran was a very poor villager. One of his friends, Krishnan got him a small job in a city.
Kumaran shifted to the city and was living in a small house. One day while he was returning at
night, he saw one old man being chased by few thugs. Kumaran ran after them and chased the
thugs away. That old man asked Kumaran’s address and went back to his home. Next day a
very big car came to Kumaran’s house and took him to the old man’s office. That old man was
the richest man in the town and he gave him a present of ten thousand rupees. Kumaran
started weeping and told the old man, “Sir, I have never seen even hundred rupees together.
This is too much for me. “. The old man replied,” I understand that Chirattayile vellam urumbinnu
samudram. But this ocean like money is like a drop of water for me.”
95.Chottayile Seelam Chudala vare. (Np«bnse ioew NpSse hsc )
The habits of childhood will remain till the funeral pyre.
Unni was a rich man’s only son. His parents gave him whatever he wanted. They never chided
him for any thing. Because of this, Unni got in to several bad habits. One of them was the habit
of drinking. All well meaning friends went and told Unni’s parents about it. But they did not
bother. Slowly Unni became a big drunkard. People of the area were telling among themselves.
“ Had Unni’s parents taught him good habits, he would not have become a drunkard like this.
Did they not know that Chottayile Seelam Chudala vare.”
96. Choringum, koorangum. (tNmdn§pw Iqd§pw)
Food from this house but devotion to the other house.
Janaki was a pretty girl from a poor family. Nanu , a rich man, married her because of her
beauty. Nanu gave her lot of money to spend. Initially she was very cordial to Nanu and his
relatives. But as times changed she started hating Nanu’s reatives. Not only that, she used to
take away money from the safe of Nanu without his knowledge and started giving it to her
parents and brothers. One day Nanu caught her red handed and told her, “I never expected this
out of you. You have Choringum, koorangum. This cannot continue. “
97.Thathamme Poocha Poocha (X¯t½ ]q¨… ]q¨ )
Parrot says cat , cat
(Parrot repeats without understanding.)
There was a very great saint, who used to say often, “I am God”. One of his half-baked disciples
also started saying “I am God”, just like his teacher. One day the sage went to a black smith’s
shop and drank one tumbler of molten iron. Then he offered the same to his disciple. The
disciple said, “You are great and so you did it, How can I drink it. I will not even be able to touch
it,” Then the sage told, “Then why are you repeating, “I am god “similar to what I tell. You are
proving the proverb . Thathamme Poocha Poocha”. The disciple fell at the feet of the sage and
begged his pardon.
98.Thante kannil kol irikke, arante kannile karadedukkan sramikkuga. (Xsâ I®nÂ
tImencntí Bcmsâ I®nse IcSv FSpçhm³ {ianícpXv)
Trying to remove the dust from other’s eyes, when there is a stick in one’s own eye.
Chummar was a very big businessman who was corrupt. He was also a well known black
marketer. Abdullah was a small servant in his shop, One day , by mistake , he gave one of the
customer two Kg of rice instead of one Kg. That customer later came and told this to Chummar.
Chummar started shouting at Abdullah in public. He told “You are a liar and I am dismissing you
immediately.” Then Abdullah retorted. “Sir, I told a lie by mistake but you are a well known liar.
Not only you deceive public but you also lie to the government. Your action is like Thande kannil
kol irikke, arande kannile karadedukkan sramikkuga.
. “
99.Than kuzicha kuzhiyil thaan thanne vizhum. (Xm³ Ipgn¨ Ipgnbn Xm³ Xs¶
hogpw )
You will fall in the pit that you, yourself have dug.
One of the small political parties of Kerala thought that exploiting religion would get it lot of
votes. So in a small constituency they started canvassing votes of a community and won the
election. Other big political parties were watching this. In the next election they also started
canvassing votes based on the voters community. The small political party which started it all,
was washed out in the elections.. People referring to the small political party told,” Than kuzicha
kuzhiyil thaan thanne vizhum.”
100.Theeyil kuruthatu , veyyilathu vadilla. (Xobn Ipcp¯Xv shbne¯v hmSnà )
That, which germinated in fire, will not wilt in the sun.
There were two rich people in a town dealing with rubber. Raman Nair belonged to a very rich
family and improved his fortunes while Tharakan belonging to a very poor family struggled hard
and became rich. Both of them were prospering. There was a big slump in the market. While
Raman Nair was not able to bear the losses and cracked down, Tharakan laughingly underwent
all the troubles. One day when both of them met, Tharakan told Raman Nair, “Theeyil kuruthatu,
veyyilathu vadilla”
101.Chakaan Thuninjal Samudravum Muzhamkal (NmIm³ Xp\nªm kap{Zhpw
apgwIm )
Having decided to die, the sea is only knee deep
Kuriakose was a very poor man. He was suffering a lot in the town where he was born. Most of
the days he was not taking any food. There were days when he decided to commit suicide ,
because he was not getting anything to eat. One day he met Major Narayanan, who told him to
join the army. He did join the army and to bid good bye he went to his sister’s house. She cried
a lot and told him that he may die. Kuriakose told her “Chakaan Thuninjal Samudravum
Muzhamkal. Had I not joined the army, I would have died of starvation.”.
102. Chakkuruvi padiyal ellavarum Chakum, Bhagavathar padiyal , chakkurviyum chakum.
(Nmçcphn ]mSnbm FÃmhcpw Nmæw. F¶m `mKhXÀ ]mSnbmÂ
Nmçcphnbpw Nmæw )
If Chakkurvi sings all people will die but if our musician sings even Chakkuruvi will die.
(Chakkuruvi is a bird of ill omen. It normally sings at night. People believed that if Chakkurvi
sings, some people will die.)
Krishnan Marar was a friend of Damodaran. Damodaran was sick and he used to consult a local
Vaidyan (Ayurvedic doctor) whenever he was ill. With the popularity of allopathic system, every
body felt that the local Vaidyan was no good. Krishnan marar one day warned Damodaran that
he will die if he takes treatment from Vaidyan, and advised him to go to the Super specialty
hospital. Damodaran replied, “Chakkuruvi padiyal ellavarum Chakum, Bhagavathar padiyal ,
chakkurviyum chakum. If poor people like us visit that hospital, not only me but my entire family
will die of starvation.”
103.Chanja Madil Chadikkum. (Nmª aXn NXnípw)
The sloping wall will give way.
Mohammad Kutti consulted his father about joining the business of Mamooti. Then his father
told him, Mamooti’s business is already tottering. Chanja Madil Chadikkum. If you join him, you
would be deceived.”
104.Chama mathram undayal Chandanam thodanokkumo? (Nma am{Xw D−mbmÂ
Nμ\w sXmSphm³ Hçtam..?)
If you harvest only millets, would you be able to touch sandal paste.
(Millets are crops with very poor returns and Sandal paste is normally very costly.)
Ananthan Nair was a peon in a small office. He was struggling to live with his wife and a baby
son. But Ananthan was a dreamer. One day he told his wife, “I am thinking of putting our son in
the public School, where the rich people are studying.” Then she told him, “Chama mathram
undayal Chandanam thodanokkumo?. With our earnings, it would be difficult for us even to
send our son to a good school. If you are going to dream that way, you have to earn lot of
wealth.”
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